| Datenbank: |
Komponisten |
| Autorenname: |
SOUSA, JOHN PHILIP |
| Geburtsjahr: |
1854 |
| Sterbejahr: |
1932 |
| Bilddatei: |
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| Komponierte Werke: |
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| Arrangierte Werke: |
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| Kompositionen auf CDs: |
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| Arrangeur on CDs: |
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| Ergänzungstext: |
Name: Sousa;John Philip Geb.: 1854.11.06 in: Verstorben: in:
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John Philip Sousa wurde am 6. November 1854 geboren und er erreichte seinen hohen Rang in kürzester Zeit. Seine Band die immer auf Tour war, repräsentierte Amerika überall auf der Welt und brachte Musik in hunderte amerikanische Städte. 1880 wurde Sousa im Alter von 26 Jahren der Dirigent der U.S. Marine Band. Innerhalb von 12 Jahren gewann das Ensemble großen Stellenwert und Sousas Kompositionen brachten ihm den Titel des "March King" ein. 1892 gründete er dann seine eigene Band und diese brachte ihm weltweiten Ruhm. In den ersten sieben Jahren gab Sousa in 400 verschiedenen Städten 3.500 Konzerte. Sie machten europäische Tourneen in den Jahren 1900, 1901, 1903 und 1905 und eine Welttournee von 1910-1911. Sousas Band war die größte Berühmtheit in jener Zeit als es wenige amerikanische Orchesters gab. Vom Bürgerkrieg bis 1920 waren Bandkonzerte der wichtigste Aspekt in Amerikas Musikleben. Es wurde noch nie eine so gute Band wie Sousas gehört. Sousa schränkte in seiner Band die Blechblasinstrumente ein und er vermehrte dabei die Holzblasinstrumente und er setzte auch eine Harfe ein. Durch Sousas geniales Dirigieren zog er die besten Musiker an und dies machte ihm möglich ein Programm von größter Vielfalt beinahe das eines Symphonieorchesters durchzuführen. Sousas Kompositionen und besonders seine Märsche sowie "The Stars and Stripes forever", "El Capitan", "Washington Post", und "Semper Fidelis" sind überall als die besten dieser Art bekannt. Sousa sagte einmal, daß ein Marsch, "einen Mann mit einem hölzernen Bein zum gehen bringen muß". Und seine Märsche taten dies gewiß. Sousa erhielt als Teenager von einem österreichischen Einwanderer namens Felix Benkert eine Ausbildung in Komposition, Counterpoint und Arrangieren. Benkert studierte in Wien beim berühmten österreichischen Theoretiker Simon Sechter, der von Brahms gelehrt wurde. Sechters berühmtester Student war Anton Bruckner. Sousa vereinheitlichte den Marsch so wie wir ihn heute kennen durch sein großes Talent, seinen leidenschaftlichen Patriotismus und durch die Anweisungen von Benkert. Jedoch komponierte Sousa auch symphonische Gedichte, Suiten, Opern und Operetten. Sousas robuste, patriotische Operetten von den 1890-igern führten in Amerika eine wahre nationale musikalische Einstellung im Amerikanischen Theater ein. Sousa bevorzugte eine Musik die durch sich selbst sprach und er machte während seiner Konzerte non-stop Musik. Seine Band spielte Auszüge aus dem "Parzifal" 10 Jahre bevor sie in der Metropolitan Oper gespielt wurden. Sousas prinzipielle Ware die er verkaufte war der Stolz in Amerika und der Amerikanischen Musik. Dank seiner Bemühungen wurde die amerikanische Musik weltweit berühmt. Sousas originaler Name war "So" und er fügte sein geliebtes Land die "USA" zu und machte seinen Namen zu "SOUSA". Jahrzehntelang war es für die amerikanischen Städte ein besonderes Ereignis wenn Sousa seinen Besuch ankündigte Bevor Radio, verbesserte elektronische Aufnahmen und schließlich das Wunder der "sprechenden Bilder" Einzug hielten, wurde "Sousa und seine Band" zu Amerikas größter musikalischer Attraktion. In Amerikas Blüte der Bands war Sousas Band von größter Wichtigkeit.
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John Philip Sousa personified turn-of-the-century America, the comparative innocence and brash energy of a still new nation. His ever touring band represented America across the globe and brought music to hundreds of American towns. John Philip Sousa, born November 6, 1854, reached this exalted position with startling quickness. In 1880, at age 26, he became conductor of the U.S. Marine Band. In 12 years the vastly improved ensemble won high renown and Sousa's compositions earned him the title of "The March King." Sousa went on better with the formation of his own band in 1892, which brought world acclaim. In just its first seven years the Sousa Band gave 3500 concerts in 400 different cities; in an era of train and ship travel it logged over a million miles in nearly four decades. There were European tours in 1900, 1901, 1903, and 1905, and a world tour in 1910-11, the the zenith of the band era. Even in the remote Fiji Islands, recordings of Sousa's music preceded him, assuring an ecstatic reception. During their 40 year span, the Sousa Band created over 1100 record sides for the Victor Talking Machine Co. The unprecedented popularity of the Sousa Band came at a time when few American orchestras existed. From the Civil War to about 1920, band concerts were the most important aspect of the U.S. musical life. No finer band than Sousa's was ever heard. Sousa modified the brass band by decreasing the brass and percussion instruments, increasing its woodwinds, and adding a harp to create a truly symphonic sound. Sousa's conducting genius attracted the finest musicians, enabling him to build an ensemble capable of executing programs almost as varied as those of a symphony orchestra. The Sousa Band became the standard by which American bands were measured, causing a dramatic upgrading in quality nationally. Sousa's compositions also spread his fame. Such marches as "The Stars and Stripes Forever, " "El Capitan, " "Washington Post, " and "Semper Fidelis" are universally acknowledged as the best of the genre. Sousa said a march "should make a man with a wooden leg step out, " and his surely did. As a teenager in Washington, Sousa received sophisticated training in composition, counterpoint and orchestration from an Austrian immigrant, Felix Benkert. Benkert had studied in Vienna with the famed Austrian theorist, Simon Sechter, who himself had been taught by Brahms. Sechter's most famous student was Anton Bruckner. Armed with great talent, a passionate patriotism and the tools of Benkert's sophisticated Viennese instruction, Sousa standardized the march form as it is known today. However, he was no mere maker of marches, but an exceptionally inventive composer of over 200 works, including symphonic poems, suites, operas and operettas. Sousa's robust, patriotic operettas of the 1890's helped introduce a truly native musical attitude in American theater. His "El Capitan" musical comedy of 1895, was the first successful Broadway show to be composed by an American. First rate salesmanship, learned from the musical theater, was another key to the success of his public concerts. Sousa pleasingly packaged classical standards and orchestral treatments of popular fare, establishing a standard style for Pops concerts of American symphonies. Sousa never spoke at his concerts, preferring non-stop music that spoke for itself. His band played "Parsifal" excerpts ten years before it was introduced at the Metropolitan Opera, yet combined it with such fare as "Turkey In The Straw, " ultimately doing more to champion good music than any other American orchestra of the era. Sousa astounded Europe by introducing ragtime on his 1900 tour, touching oß' a fascination with American music which influenced such composers as Debussy, Ravel, Stravinsky, Grainger and Milhaud. The principal commodity Sousa sold was pride in America and American music. Due to his efforts, American music won world acclaim for the first time. A popular, but erroneous tale even arose that Sousa had changed his original name of "So" by adding USA, the initials of his beloved country. For decades Sousa's visits were a special event for America's cities. Invariably he was met at the station by an assemblage of high school bands, the mayor, and all manner of dignitaries. Preceding his performance he would briefly conduct the city's combined high school bands. Receptions were held in his honor, he was asked to speak on the radio, and he was given the key to the city. Before radio, improved electronic records, and finally, the miracle of talking pictures, the "Sousa and his Band" had already become one of America's greatest musical attractions. From his t~rst national tour in 1892 to his last performance in 1932, Sousa and his Band were famous for their musicality and joyous spirit. In America's golden age of bands, the Sousa Band, and his music were preeminent.
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